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Russia has restricted exports of noble gas, including neon and helium, based on approved government decrees.

These gases are indispensable raw materials for the production of semiconductors.

Russia supplies up to 30% of the world's inert gases. The government document said that exports of noble gas can now only be carried out on the basis 

of the government's decision on the advice of the Ministry of Industry and Trade. This could adversely affect global chip supply.

Vasily Shpak, Deputy Minister of Industry and Trade of Russia, said on Thursday (June 2) that the policy of restricting the export of rare gases will continue 

until the end of 2022 to strengthen its position in the international market.

Helium and neon are both important components needed to make chips. Neon, in particular, plays a key role in the manufacturing of advanced semiconductors.

Ukraine, once one of the world's largest suppliers of the noble gas, produced about half of the world's neon gas before factories in Mariupol and Odesa 

were shut down by the fighting in March.

Spark told Reuters that Russia's move would provide an opportunity to "rearrange those chains that are now broken and build new ones".

The Russian government has said on May 30 that until December 31, the export of noble gases that Russia used to offer to Japan and other countries will 

only be carried out with special permission from the state.

Russia currently accounts for 30 percent of the global supply of rare gases, according to estimates by the Russian Trade Ministry.

 India's "Economic Times" (The Economic Times) said that according to a resolution of the Russian cabinet of ministers, now only the Russian government 

can decide whether these rare gases can be delivered to the outside world.

Sources told the outlet that it would be more difficult for some countries to produce electronics without Russia's neon, argon and helium.

Russia's export restrictions could exacerbate supply constraints in the global chip market. The move could allow Russia to export these gases in exchange for semiconductor imports.

Taiwan, the world's main chip-producing region, imposed restrictions on chip exports to Russia after the war between Russia & Ukraine on February 24.

The Russian Ministry of Industry and Trade has confirmed that the agreements already reached will be taken into account when making decisions on the 

export supply of these gases.

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Each day brings a new technical innovations, and the demand for smaller, more portable and more functional electronics. This puts pressure on power supplies 
to be light and small, run for long periods of time (i.e., have lots of energy), and meet the demands of multiple high current loads (i.e., have a high power 
capability). Simply put, these demands cannot be met by any one portable power supply.

For decades, batteries have been the preferred storage device for portable electronics, mainly because of their ability to store energy (high energy density). 
But batteries take a long time to discharge and recharge, which limits their ability to deliver power. Overcoming this power deficit is difficult, if not impossible, 
and even newer battery technologies such as lithium ion are still a poor solution for high power applications. In applications demanding high power, over-engineering the battery will rarely be the right solution, and will typically result in increased size, weight, and cost, and/or reduced cycle life and energy. 
In other words, a magic bullet is hard to find.

This power deficit is being stretched further by the explosion in the Internet of Things (IoT). These applications are usually wireless-enabled, and yet they demand ever smaller and more portable devices, with more features and functions. Wireless transmissions, even over very short distances,
 present a tremendous power challenge to the necessarily small batteries being used in IoT devices.

Supercapacitors will be a critical enabling technology for the IoT, offering a unique combination of high power and high energy, in a thin, flat and very small 
package, to improve battery performance, and in some cases, when used with an ambient energy harvesting module or rapid recharge system, replacing the 
need to use a battery at all.

What Makes Super capacitors Super?
Supercapacitors combine the energy storage properties of batteries with the power discharge characteristics of capacitors.
To achieve their energy density, they contain electrodes composed of very high surface area activated carbon, with a molecule-thin layer of electrolyte. Since the amount of energy able to be stored in a capacitor is proportional to the surface area of the electrode, and inversely 
proportional to the gap between the electrode and the electrolyte, supercapacitors have an extremely high energy density. They are therefore able to 
hold a very high electrical charge.
The high power density derives from the fact that the energy is stored as a static charge. Unlike a battery, there is no chemical reaction required to charge or 
discharge a supercapacitor, so it can be charged and discharged very quickly (milliseconds to seconds). Similarly, and again unlike a battery, because there are 
no chemical reactions going on, the charge-discharge cycle life of a supercapacitor is almost unlimited.

Super capacitor Characteristics
Charge/Discharge Time: Milliseconds to seconds
Operating Temperature: -40°C to +85C°
Operating Voltage: Aqueous electrolytes ~1V; Organic electrolytes 2 – 3V
Capacitance: 1mF to >10,000F
Operating Life: 5,000 to 50,000 hrs (a function of temperature and voltage)
Power Density: 0.01 to 10 kW/ kg
Energy Density: 0.05 to 10 Wh/ kg
Pulse Load: 0.1 to 100A
Pollution Potential: No heavy metals

Super capacitor Advantages
Provide peak power and backup power
Extend battery run time and battery life
Reduce battery size, weight and cost
Enable low/high temperature operation
Improve load balancing when used in parallel with a battery
Provide energy storage and source balancing when used with energy harvesters
Cut pulse current noise
Lessen RF noise by eliminating DC/DC
Minimise space requirements
Meet environmental standards

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